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Golden Temple, Amritsar, India (04-04-2008 - 11:03:22) The Golden Temple is the main attraction in Amritsar (Punjabi: ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤਸਰ, Hindi: अमृतसर), holy city in the state of Punjab (Punjabi: ਪੰਜਾਬ, Hindi : पंजाब), India (Hindi: भारत). Originally a small lake in the midst of a quiet forest, the Golden Temple (Harmandir Sahib "holy pool of nectar" - mr. सुवर्णमंदिर) is the spiritual and cultural center of the Sikh religion. The Golden Temple is culturally the most significant shrine of Sikhism (Punjabi: ਸਿੱਖੀ), the fifth-largest religion in the world. The Buddha is known to have spent time at this place in contemplation. Two thousand years after Buddha's time, another philosopher-saint, Guru Nanak Dev (hi. गुरु नानक, 1469-1539 - first of the eleven Sikh Gurus (hi. सिखों के दस गुरू)), the founder of the Sikh religion, came to live and meditate by the peaceful lake. After the passing away of Guru Nanak, his disciples continued to frequent the site; over the centuries it became the primary sacred shrine of the Sikhs. The lake was enlarged and structurally contained during the leadership of the fourth Guru of Sikhism, Guru Ram Das (Punjabi: ਗੁਰੂ ਰਾਮ ਦਾਸ, born in Lahore, 1534-1581), and during the leadership of the fifth, Guru Arjan Dev Ji or Guru Arjun Dev Ji (Punjabi: ਗੁਰੂ ਅਰਜੁਨ ਦੇਵ, 1581-1606), the Hari Mandir, or Temple of God was built. From the early 1600s to the mid 1700s the sixth through tenth Sikh Gurus were constantly involved in defending both their religion and their temple against Moslem armies. On numerous occasions the temple was destroyed by the Muslims, and each time was rebuilt more beautifully by the Sikhs. In the mid 18th century it was attacked by the Afghans, by one of Ahmed Shah Abdali's Generals, Jahan Khan, and had to be substantially rebuilt in the 1760s. One of the most important festivals celebrated at Harmandir Sahib is Vaisakhi (Punjabi: ਵਸਾਖੀ, also known as Baisakhi) during the second week of April. Sikhs celebrate the founding of the Khalsa. Other important Sikh religious days such as the martyrdom day of Guru Teg Bahadur or the birthday of Guru Nanak. In film and television Several movies have been shot in and around the Temple, including Gandhi (1982 - Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (Gujarati: મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધી, Hindi : महात्मा गांधी)), Bride and Prejudice (2004, Bollywood), the Indian (Hindi) serial Jassi Jaissi Koi Nahin (2005), Rang De Basanti (Hindi: रंग दे बसंती) starring Aamir Khan (hi. आमिर ख़ान) (2006), and Namastey London (2007). The Temple is also one of the places visited by the BBCs Michael Palin for the documentary "Himalaya" (2004). Mill Network at Kinderdijk-Elshout, Netherlands (07-02-2008 - 10:35:31) The Netherlands is famous for its windmills. There were nearly 10,000 of them in 1860. Today, just 900 remain. Nowhere in the world you will find as many windmills as near Kinderdijk, at the confluence of the Lek and Noord rivers, unique for it 19 windmills dating from the 1500s. Kinderdijk is a small village, partly in the municipality Nieuw-Lekkerland, partly in the municipality of Alblasserdam, in the province South Holland, at a distance of only 15 kms of Rotterdam. The Alblasserwaard is a polder, piece of land below sea level surrounded by a dike, bordered by rivers, the windmills are what keep the diked land habitable. To the north is the Lek, to the west runs the Noord, to the south runs the river Merwede, and to the east the Merwede-Kanaal, the Linge and the Zederik together form the boundary with Vijfheerenlanden. Every polder used to have its own windmill which pumped the water one level up, into the boezem. The boezem water is collected at Kinderdijk where it will be pumped up another level by each of the 16 windmills. The water is pumped up into a reservoir. The water stays in the reservoir until the level meets the average high tide of the river, then the water is discarded onto the river lek which takes it via Rotterdam to the sea. Construction of hydraulic works for the drainage of land for agriculture and settlement began in the Middle Ages and have continued uninterruptedly to the present day. The windmills of Kinderdijk are one of the best known Dutch tourist sites. They were placed on the list of UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites in 1997. The foundation "Wereld Erfgoed Kinderdijk" maintains and preserves the windmills in Kinderdijk. "God created the world, but the Dutch created Holland". By René Descartes. Ancient City of Sigiriya, Sri Lanka (11-01-2008 - 12:22:40) Regarding to the Mahavansa (மகாவம்சம்), the ancient historical record of Sri Lanka, Sigiriya (tamil : சிகிரியா) was built by King Kasyapa, a son of King Dhatusena, by a palace consort. As legend goes, King Dhatusena was overthrown and walled in, alive by Kasyapa in 473 AD and then usurping the throne which rightfully belonged to his brother Mogallana. Mogallana, Dhatusena's son by the true queen fled to India, to escape being assassinated by Kasyapa, vowing revenge. Kasyapa fearing an invasion built this impregnable fortress and pleasure palace on the summit of Sigiriya. When the invasion finally came in 491, Kasyapa ran into the battle with his war elephant. In an attempt to out-flank his half-brother, Kasyapa took a wrong turn, where his elephant got stuck in the mud. His soldiers, thinking Kasyapa was retreating fled abandoning him, and he took his own life. Moggallana returned the capital to Anuradapura and turned Sigiriya into a monastery complex. The ruins of the capital lie on the steep slopes and at the summit of a granite peak standing some 370 m high (Sigiriya means "Lion Rock" because it looks like a crouching lion from a distance). A serie of galleries and staircases emerging from the mouth of a gigantic lion constructed of bricks and plaster provides access to the site. Sigiriya includes: The Gardens The beautiful and one of the oldest elaborately landscaped water gardens in the world, contain a complex network of underground hydraulic water distribution system which provide water into the fountains. The Mirror Wall Large sections of the so-called Mirror Wall, made of a kind of porcelain, are still intact. People of all types wrote on the mirror wall. Most of the ancient graffiti refer to the Sigiriya Maidens, who are to be found up a spiral staircase about 14 meters above the Mirror Wall gallery in a natural pocket in the rock which has been protected for centuries from the rain by an overhang. Frescos The paintings would have covered most of the western face of the rock, covering an area 140 meters long and 40 meters high. There are references in the graffiti to 500 ladies in these paintings. However, many more are lost forever, having been wiped out when the Palace once more became a Monastery so that they would not disturb meditation. The Lion Gate The Northern end of the rock the pathway emerges to a kind of courtyard, from which the rock derives its name Sigiriya (the Lion Rock). At one time a huge lion was carved out of the rock, and the final ascent to the summit was between the lions paws, whose open mouth served as the entrance to the royal palace. Only the lion's massive paws remain today, but they indicate how gigantic the rest of the carving must have been. The Summit The stairway ends at the highest point of the rock, covering an area of around 1.6 hectares, the upper palace falls away in gentle tiers towards the opposite end of the rock from this point. The ruins of the palace buildings rise only perhaps half a metre above the surface of the rock, but the extensive works cut into the surface of the rock have endured better. Phuket: pearl of the Andaman, Thailand (12-11-2007 - 16:46:11) Located approximately 862 kms south of Bangkok, Phuket (ภูเก็ต - formerly known as Tha-Laang or Talang), Thailand's largest island, located in the Andaman Sea off southern Thailand, is often dubbed as "The Pearl of the Andaman", or "The Pearl of the South". Phuket is divided into three administrative counties: Amphoe Mueang Phuket (เมืองภูเก็ต), Amphoe Kathu (กะทู้) and Amphoe Thalang (ถลาง). The main towns are: the capital Phuket (เทศบาลนครภูเก็ต), Pa Tong (the main touristical town with Patong Beach (หาดป่าตอง)), Karon, Kathu, Thep Krasattri and Choeng Thale. It's natural resources - rocky peninsular, limestone cliffs, white powdery beaches, tranquil broad bays and tropical in-land forests (Khao Phra Thaeo Non-hunting Area with its three highest peaks : Khao Prathiu (384 m), Khao Bang Pae (388 m) and Khao Phara (422 m) covers more than 20 km² of rainforest) contribute to making it the South's wealthiest, busiest, most visited and most popular island and province. Nestled in the tropical zone off the west coast of the southern part of Thailand in the Andaman Sea (ทะเลอันดามัน) - southeast of the Bay of Bengal, south of Myanmar, west of Thailand and east of the Andaman Islands - and the Indian Ocean (มหาสมุทรอินเดีย), Phuket province covers an area of approximately 543 sq kms (excluding small islets). It is estimated that Phuket Province covers an area of approximately 590 sq kms if its 39 other small islands are included. The islands total lengh, from north to south, is estimated at 48.7 kms and appoximately 21.3 kms wide. Phuket is connected to Phang-nga (พังงา) by Sarasin Bridge and Thep Krasattri Bridge. It's main beaches are Patong Beach, Karon Beach, Kata Beach, Kata Noi Beach, Nai Harn Beach and Bang Tao Beach. Staying on the island is easy, as there are only two seasons in a year: the rainy season (May to October) and the hot season (November to April). The low season is between September and October, also the wettest months. It is best to visit from November to February, when it's possible to see the clear blue sky, feel the fresh sea breeze, and marvel at the crystal clear water while lying on powdery, palm-fringed beaches. Average temperatures ranges between 23°C and 33°C. Phuket's topology is exceptional with 70% of its area covered with mountains which stretch from north to south. The mountains of Phuket form the southern end of the Phuket mountain range (เทือกเขาภูเก็ต), which ranges for 440 km from the Kra Isthmus (คอคอดกระ). The highest elevation of the island is Mai Thao Sip Song (Twelve Canes), at 529 m above sea level. The remaining 30% being plains located in the central and eastern parts of the island. The island does not have any major rivers except for a total of nine brooks and creeks. Near the southernmost point is Laem Promthep (Brahma's Cape), which is a popular sunset viewing point. Saint Petersburg delusions of grandeur, Russia (30-10-2007 - 15:59:20) Founded by Tsar Peter the Great or Pyotr Alexeyevich Romanov (Пётр I Алексеевич Pyotr I Alekse`yevich, Пётр Великий Pyotr Veli`kiy) on May 27, 1703, Saint Petersburg (fr. Saint-Pétersbourg; ru. Санкт-Петербург), located in Northwestern Federal District (Се́веро-За́падный федера́льный о́круг) of Russia (Росси́я) on the Neva River (Нева́) at the east end of the Gulf of Finland (Финский залив) on the Baltic Sea (Балтийское море), was entirely built on former marshlands. The city's other names were Petrograd (Петрогра́д, 1914–1924) and Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991). It continued to develop under the reign of several Tsars, with the help of architects from all over Europe. Christened "the cradle of the Revolution" at the dawn of the 20th century, it took Nicolas II into exile in 1917. Refurbished in 2003 for its tri-centenary, it now offers its most beautiful facets and is well worth visiting all year round: in summer, you benefit from the gardens and fountains, and also the White Nights, few weeks around the summer solstice in June in areas of high latitude during which darkness is never complete due to late sunsets and early sunrises. In winter, you'll discover the charm of trees immobilized by frost and domes covered in snow. Baroque, classical or revolutionary, here, all the various styles coexist. Even the "Russian Versailles", Peterhof (Петерго́ф, Petergof), is on the program, at the summer residence of Peter the Great, located about twenty kilometers west and six kilometers south of St. Petersburg, featuring countless statues and the fountains (The Grand Cascade and Samson Fountain). In itself alone, the State Hermitage Museum (Государственный Эрмитаж, Gosudarstvennyj Èrmitaž) extends over 22,000 m2, housing the largest collection of paintings from the 18th and 19th centuries (strong points of the Hermitage collection of Western art include Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Rubens, van Dyck, Rembrandt, Poussin, Claude Lorrain, Watteau, Tiepolo, Canaletto, Canova, Rodin, Monet, Pissarro, Renoir, Cézanne, van Gogh, Gauguin, Picasso, and Matisse). Museums and popular sites are: - The Peter and Paul Fortress (Петропа́вловская кре́пость - Fortress of SS Peter and Paul), including the Peter and Paul Cathedral , designed by Domenico Trezzini and founded in 1703. - The Winter Palace (Зимний дворец) located between the Palace Embankment (Дворцовая набережная) and the Palace Square, connecting Nevsky Prospekt with Palace Bridge leading to Vasilievsky Island, bordered by the rivers Bolshaya Neva (Больша́я Нева́) and Malaya Neva (Малая Нева). - The State Russian Museum, formerly the Russian Museum of His Imperial Majesty Alexander III, housed by the Mikhailovsky Palace, designed by Carlo Rossi, constructed in 1819-1825. - The Summer Garden (Ле́тний сад, Letniy Sad) occupies an island between the Fontanka, Moika, and the Swan Canal. - The Suvorov Memorial Museum (Музей Суворова) dedicated to the memory of Generalissimo Alexander Suvorov (1729-1800). - The Narva Triumphal Gate (На́рвские триумфа́льные воро́та), erected in the vast Narva Square in 1814 to commemorate the Russian victory over Napoleon. - The church of Sts. Simon and Anna, the patrons saints of Empress Anna (1734, designed by Mikhail Zemtsov). - The Saint Petersburg Mosque (Санкт-Петербу́ргская мече́ть). - The St. Michael's Castle (Михайловский замок, Mikhailovsky zamok), also called the Mikhailovsky Castle or the Engineer Castle (Инженерный замок, Inzhenerny zamok), former royal residence. - The Kunstkamera (Кунсткамера) or Kunstkamera, the first museum in Russia. The historic center of St. Petersburg is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ... 11 12 NEXT

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